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Pediatrics internationally
6 Pediatrics in the world
6.1 In Europe
6.1.1 In France
6.2 In Africa
6.3 In Asia
6.3.1 In China
7 Precursors famous pediatricians or
8 Curiosities
9 Notes and references
10 See also
10.1 Related
10.2 External Links
10.3 References
History of Pediatrics in France

Until the Enlightenment , and the specific person of the child are virtually ignored. Even the great philosophers are not interested in the child. Only St. Augustine recounts her childhood [ref. needed] . The child is a miniature adult survival precarious. From the xviii th century, the child will gradually be seen to be a growth and maturation of somatic and psychic, as well as a matter of education and learning require early intervention. However, the newborn will be long regarded as a mere “gut” to be a reflex, without any authority, devoid of feelings and sensations, a nuanced account only when this becomes rampant and be walking. In addition, the high infant mortality is regarded as inevitable usually almost normal and the infanticide of malformed and the eugenics have long citizenship [ref. needed] . In fact, few doctors are interested in medicine of the child before the two world wars of the xx th century, even if it can, however, mention some precursor as Nils Rosén von Rosenstein in Sweden at the xviii th century, and much later Armand Trousseau and Antoine Marfan in France at the beginning of xx th century. Concerns, care and discoveries in this area are, in fact, following the recent slow and gradual emergence of pediatrics as a result of the slaughter of two world wars (need to replace the sacrificed generations) , revolutions Pasteur and Freud, the hospitalism and the birth of obstetrics . The xix th century, however, is the pivotal time in hospitalization of children and promotion of preventive and social.
around 1620 – Peter the Elder Chamberlen invented the forceps
1800 – Jean-Louis Baudelocque and others, like Professor Joseph Recamier its true precursor, is involved in the creation of modern obstetrics. He founded in Paris a maternity and a school of midwifery , which still bear his name. A little later, Abraham Jacobi 1 opened the first clinic for children in the U.S.
1872 – Creation of “Pediatrics 2 »
1874 – Act of December 23, 1874, known as the Roussel (surveillance of children in nanny , organization of district health officials of the children who live and compilation of statistics on the population at risk)
1875 – Madeleine Brès can be considered the first French pediatrician 3
1877 – Rest of the pregnant woman
1878 – The teaching of pediatrics is formalized in France
1891 – Lumbar Puncture
1892 – First consultation for infants in France, under the supervision of Pierre Budin
1894 – The hospital-based clinic in Belleville Variot Gaston becomes the Drop of Milk
(Benefits of infant feeding strictly controlled)
1895 – X-ray
1896 – The mayor of Paris set up a commission to study the feeding milk . Variot Gaston 4 , Paul Strauss and Pierre Budin five founded the League against infant mortality
1901 – Discovery of blood groups
1906 – The skin test ( Pirquet test ) discovered by the Austrian pediatrician Clemens von Pirquet
1907 – Appearance of the word pediatrician ( Larousse )
1911 – Creation of the Institute of childcare in Paris which includes not only training for doctors “child minders” (qualifier at the time) but also a “school of mothers’ and graduate conference for the general public
1917-1920 – Creation of school childcare in the Faculty of Medicine of Paris , and the degree of visiting maternal and child health, future pediatric nurse with a degree of state will be established by decree 13 August 1947
1935 – Decree-Law of 30 October 1935, known as the Strauss 6 for the protection of children under 3 years . It also sets up the backlog growth that every child shall be provided from birth
1945 – Order of November 2 (protection of children under 6 years , generalization of the health card issued at birth, required to create or develop antenatal or infant for all departments ). Professor Robert Debré created the first children’s ward, with nurses and care specific, distinct from the care of adults. This is the beginning of modern pediatric and maternal and child health (MCH)
1948 – Official definition of prematurity by the World Health Organisation (live birth with a gestation period of less than 37 weeks ). Preceded the work of Pierre Budin, it will, in practice, refined and later scientific discoveries
1950 – Birth of neonatal pediatrics, the first sub-specialty of pediatrics
1951-1962 – Reform of the PMI . A first decree n o 51-953 of 9 July 1951 about the vaccination by BCG says, “the role of the consultant and the elements of the review of the child to perform the role of the nursery and extends the services PMI to the entire population. ” Decree n o 62-840 of 19 July 1962 will complement these provisions and reform the PMI
1960-1970: Dolto brings psychoanalytic dimension to pediatrics. It was also at this time that assert or arise from many sub-specialties of pediatrics
1970 – Act of July 15, 1970, followed by the decree of August 27, 1971. Monitoring of newborns in maternity medical consultation required in the first week
1975 – The ultrasound fetal finally allows to observe the living fetus in its amniotic bubble. Currently, different techniques of medical imaging complement these observations and with the advances in genetics, diagnostics allow more accurate and early
There is an international society of History of Medicine (ISHM) , one of whom chairs the Canadian pediatrician of Broquerie Fortier (1976-1980) has invested heavily in the history of pediatrics 7 .
Pediatrics is performed by a specialist